Ruby is the name given to the red variety of the mineral Corundum, all other colours of it are given the name Sapphire. The name derives from the Latin word 'ruber', describing its colour. It has been prized for centuries for its colour, and many ancient civilisations valued them higher than diamonds. During the Renaissance for example, Rubies were worth 8 x Diamonds, and Emeralds were 4 x Diamonds. In the mid 1800s, Sapphires and Emeralds were equal and worth less than half a diamond, whilst a larger perfect Ruby would still far exceed a Diamond of the same weight. The most desired colour of Ruby is known as Pigeon's Blood, and comes from Burma. In 2015 a Burmese Ruby, holding the title for the largest coloured gemstone in the world, the Sunrise Ruby, ring sold at auction for $30 million to an anonymous buyer. Other important Ruby deposits are found in Thailand, Sri Lanka and Tanzania, with the colours varying from each location.

Ruby stimulates the Base or Root Chakra, which is associated with grounding and stability. Ruby can increase concentration and motivation, making it a popular stone for those who need a little extra help staying focused. It is also believed to boost desire and sexual energy, making it a popular stone for enhancing romantic relationships. Ruby can help to increase courage and protect against negative energies, making it a great stone to carry with you when facing challenging situations. It is particularly protective and shielding, especially when used in the home.